CurrentConcept

By: Shahid Mukhtar    The research about the role of stress or stress hormones on asthma is ongoing. Many things discovered showed that stress triggers asthma in humans. A researched model is highlighting the basic mechanism behind stress and asthma. The basic premise of this model is that depression works by altering the magnitude of the respiratory tract response that is triggered by irritants, allergies, and diseases that are transmitted to people with asthma. It is important to note that the model suggests that pressure alone cannot alter immune function in a way that leads to asthma symptoms. Rather, stress is considered to be a process that emphasizes the inflammatory response of airways to environmental factors and, in so doing, increases the frequency, duration, and severity of patient symptoms. Various internal and external factors have been identified that contribute to the increase in asthma. For example, exposure to secondhand smoke can lead to asthma and asthma sy...

By: Shahid Mukhtar  The western honey bee is the commonest honey bee in the world. This honey bee is present in the entire subcontinents but not found in Antarctica due to weather differences. The western honey bee has much social importance.  They live together in groups. There is a queen female that is fertile and produces offspring, and there are thousands of infertile females that are unable to produce offspring but are good workers. And there are haploid males that are non-workers and termed drones. The western honey bee is very important in pollination; carry pollen grains from the anther to the stigma. The flora biodiversity is due to bee pollination. Albert Einstein stated that if there are no bees in the biosphere then the entire human beings will finish from the world due to lack of pollination.  Unfortunately, the specie of the western honey bee is declining day by day. Human activities are a major cause of the declining honey bee specie. Such as the varr...

Introduction: Black holes are one of the universe's most mysterious and interesting objects. They are known for their ability to warp space and time and their immense gravitational force. The concept of black holes was first proposed by physicist John Michelle in 1783, but it was not until the 20th century that they were fully understood. Background research: A black hole is a region of space where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape. The boundary around the black hole where this occurs is called the event horizon. The center of a black hole is called a singularity, where the laws of physics as we know them break down. Stellar black holes, intermediate black holes, and supermassive black holes are the three types of black holes. Stellar black holes are formed when a massive star collapses in on itself, while supermassive black holes are thought to be at the center of most galaxies, including our own Milky Way. Black holes are invisible, so they can only be...